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ACCU-TELL ROTAVIRUS FECES TEST
Declaration: As with all diagnostic tests, a definitive clinical diagnosis should not be based on the result of a single test, but should only be made by the physician after all clinical and laboratory findings have been evaluated.
Accu-Tell ® Rapid Rotavirus Feces rapid visual immunoassay for the qualitative presumptive detection of rotavirus in human fecal specimens. This kit is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of rotavirus infection.
Rotavirus is the most common agent responsible for acute gastroenteritis mainly in young children. Its discovery in 1973 and its association with infantile gastro-enteritis represented a very important advancement in the study of gastro-enteritis not caused by acute bacterial infection. Rotavirus is transmitted by oro-faecal route with an incubation period of 1-3 days. Although specimen collections taken within the second and fifth day of the illness are ideal for antigen detection, the rotavirus may still be found while diarrhea continues. Rotaviral gastroenteritis may result in mortality for populations at risk such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. In temperate climates, rotavirus infections occur mainly in the winter months. Endemics as well as epidemics affecting some thousand people have been reported. With hospitalized children suffering from acute entric disease up to 50% of the analysed specimen were positive for rotavirus. The viruses replicate in the cell nucleus and tend to be host species specific producing a characteristic cytopathic effect(CPE). Because rotavirus is extremely difficult to culture, it is unusual to use isolation of the virus in diagnosing an infection. Instead, a variety of techniques have been developed to detect rotavirus in feces.
Accu-Tell ® Rapid Rotavirus Feces Test Cassette has been designed to detect rotavirus through visual interpretation of color development in the internal strip. The membrane was immobilized with anti-rotavirus antibodies on the test region. During the test, the specimen is allowed to react with colored anti-rotavirus antibodies colloidal gold conjugates, which were precoated on the sample pad of the test. The mixture then move on the membrane by a capillary action, and interact with reagents on the membrane. If there were enough rotavirus in specimens, a colored band will form at the test region of the membrane. Presence of this colored band indicates a positive result, while its absence indicates a negative result. Appearance of a colored band at the control region serves as a procedural control. This indicated that proper volume of specimen has been added and membrane wicking has occurred.
1. The kit should be stored at 2-30℃ until the expitry date
printed on the sealed pouch.
2. The test must remain in the sealed pouch until use.
3. Do not freeze.
4. Cares should be taken to protect components in this kit from contamination. Do not use if there is evidence of microbial contamination of precipitation. Biological contamination of dispensing equipments, containers or reagents can lead to false results.
1. For professional in vitro diagnostic use only.
2. Do not use after expiration date indicated on the package.
3. Do not use the test if its foil pouch is damaged. Do not reuse tests.
4. This kit contains products of animal origin. Certified knowledge of the origin and/or sanitary state of the animals does not totally guarantee the absence of transmissible pathogenic agents. It is therefore, recommended that these products be treated as potentially infectious, and handled observing the usual safety precautions (do not ingest or inhale).
5. Avoid cross-contamination of specimens by using a new specimen collection container for each specimen obtained.
6. Do not eat, drink or smoke in the area where the specimens and kits are handled. Handle all specimens as if they contain infectious agents. Observe established precautions against microbiological hazards throughout the procedure and follow the standard procedures for proper disposal of specimens. Wear protective clothing such as laboratory coats, disposable gloves and eye protection when specimens are assayed.
7. Buffered Saline contains sodium azide which may react with lead or copper plumbing to form potentially explosive metal azides. When disposing of buffered saline of extracted samples, always flush with copious quantities of water to prevent azide build up.
8. Do not iterchange or mix reagents from different lots.
9. Humidity and temperature can adversely affect results.
10. The used testing materials should be discarded in accordance with local, state and/or federal regulations.
The Rotavirus Rapid Test Device (Feces) is intended only use with human fecal specimens.
Viral detection is improved by collecting the specimens at the onset of the symptoms. It has been reported that the maximum excretion of rotavirus in the feces of patients with gastroenteritis occurs 3-5 days after onset of symptoms.
If te specimens are collected long after the onset of diarrheic symptoms, the quantity of antigen may not be sufficient to obtain a positive reaction or the antigens detected may not be linked to the diarrheic episode.
Perform the testing immediately after the specimen collection.
Do not leave the specimens at room temperature for prolonged periods. Specimens may be stored at 2-8℃ for up to 72 hours.
Bring specimens to room temperature prior to testing.
Pack the specimens in compliance with applicable regulations for transportation of etiological agents, in case they need to be shipped.
Bring tests, specimens, buffer and/or controls to room temperature (15-30﹪)before use.
1. Specimen collection and pre-treatment:
1) Use the specimens collection cards provided in the kit for specimens collection. Follow the operation procedure written on it for instructions. Other clean dry containers could also be used for the same purpose. Best results will be obtained if the assay is performed within 6 hours after collection.
2) For solid specimens: Unscrew and remove the dilution tube applicator. Be careful not spill or spatter solution from the tube. Collect specimens by inserting the applicator stick into at least 3 different sites of the feces to collect approximately 50 mg of feces (equivalent to 1/4 of a pea).
For liquid specimens: Hold the pipette vertically, aspirate fecal specimens, and then transfer 2 drops
(approximately 50 mg) into the specimen collection tube containing the extraction buffer.
3) Place the applicator back into the tube and screw the cap tightly. Be careful not to break the tip of the dilution buffer.
4) Shake the specimen collection tube vigorously to mix the specimen and the extraction buffer. Specimens prepared in the specimen collection tube may be stored for 6 months at-20℃ if not tested within 1 hour after preparation.
2. Testing
1) Remove the test from its sealed pouch, and place it on a clean, level surface. Label the test with patient or control identification. To obtain a best result, the assay should be performed within one hour.
2) Using a piece of tissue paper, break the tip of the dilution tube. Hold the tube vertically and dispense 2 drops of solution into the specimen well (S) of the test device.
Avoid trapping air bubbles in the specimen well (S), and do not drop any solution in observation window.
As the test begins to work, you will see color move across the membrane.
3. Wait for the colored band(s) to appear. The result should be read at 10 minutes. Do not interpret the result after 20 minutes.
Note: If the specimen does not migrate (presence of particles), centrifuge the extracted specimens contained in the extraction buffer vial. Collect 80 mg of supernatant, dispense into the specimen well (S) of a new test device and start afresh following the instructions mentioned above.
POSITIVE: Two colored bands appear on the membrane. One band appears in the control region (C) and another band appears in the test region (T).
NEGATIVE: Only one colored band appears in the control region (c). No apparent colored band appears in the test region (T).
INVALID: Control band fails to appear. Results from any test which has not produced a control band at the specified reading time must be discarded. Please review the procedure and repeat with a new test. If the problem persists, discontinue using the kit immediately and contact your local distributor.
NOTE:
1. The intensity of the color in test region (T) may vary depending on the concentration of aimed substances present in the specimen. Therefore, any shade of color in the test region should be considered positive. Besides, the substances level can not be determined by this qualitative test.
2. Insufficient specimen volume, incorrect operation procedure, or performing expired tests are the most likely reasons for control band failure.
1. Internal procedural controls are included in the test. A colored band appearing in the control region (C) is considered an internal positive procedural control. It confirms sufficient specimen volume and correct procedural technique.
2. External controls are not supplied with this kit. It is recommended that positive and negative controls be tested as a good laboratory practice to confirm the test procedure and to verify proper test performance.
1. The Rotavirus Rapid Test Device (Feces) is for professional in vitro diagnostic use, and should be used for the qualitative detection of rotavirus only.
2. As with all diagnostic tests, a definitive clinical diagnosis should not be based on the results of a single test, but should only be made by the physician after all clinical and laboratory findings have been evaluated.
3. If the test result is negative and clinical symptoms persist, additional testing using other clinical methods is recommended. A negative result does not at any time preclude the possibility of rotavirus infection with low concentration of virus particles.
Table: Rotavirus Rapid Test vs. Latex Agglutination
Specificity:
Cross reactivity with following organisms has been studied at 1.0×109organisma/ml.The following organisms ere found negative when tested with the Rotavirus Rapid Test Device (Feces).
Staphylococcus arueus Proteus mirabilis
Neisseria gonorrhea Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter spp Group B Streptococcus
Enterococcus faecalis Salmonella choleraesius Proteus vulgaris Group C Streptococcus Gardnerella vaginalis Enterococcus faecium
Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Hemophilus influenzae Branhamella catarrhalis E.coli Neisseria meningitides
Candida Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria meningitidis
1. WILHELMI I, ROMAN E, SANCHEZ-FAUQUIER A. Viruses causing gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Infect. April. 2003. vol.9:247-262
2. Cubitt, WD (1982) Rotavirus Infection: An Unexpected Hazard in Units Caring for the Elderly. Geriatric Medicine Today 1:33-38
3. Hung, T et al (1984) Waterborne outbreak of Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Adults in China caused by a Novel Rotavirus. Lancet, May 26;1(8387):1139-1142
4. Cukor. G; Perron, DM; Hudson, R and Blacklow, NR (1984) Detection of Rotavirus in Human Stools by Using Monoclonal Antibody.J.Clin. Microl.19:888-892
The above information is just for reference. The actual technical specifications are subject to the insert provided with the product. |
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